I-vi-ii-v progression

Definition

The i-vi-ii-v progression is a common chord sequence found primarily in tonal music, specifically in minor keys. This progression creates a strong sense of movement and emotional depth, utilizing the minor tonic, the major VI chord, the supertonic ii chord, and the dominant v chord. The relationship between these chords helps to establish a harmonic framework that supports melodic ideas and leads towards resolutions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The i-vi-ii-v progression is often used in various genres of music, including pop, jazz, and classical, providing a familiar sound that resonates with listeners.
2. In this progression, the vi chord (major) acts as a pivot from the tonic (i), adding contrast and emotional richness before moving to the ii chord.
3. The ii chord typically leads to the v chord, creating a strong resolution back to the tonic when it resolves to i.
4. This sequence can be modified with seventh chords; for example, using ii7 or v7 can enhance harmonic richness and complexity.
5. The i-vi-ii-v progression demonstrates how minor tonality can create tension and release, fundamental concepts in effective songwriting and composition.

Review Questions

• How does the i-vi-ii-v progression contribute to emotional expression in minor key compositions?
  • The i-vi-ii-v progression enhances emotional expression by utilizing chords that evoke different feelings. Starting with the tonic (i) establishes a somber mood typical of minor keys. Moving to the major VI (vi) adds brightness and contrast before transitioning through the ii chord that builds tension. Finally, the v chord heightens this tension before resolving back to the tonic (i), creating an emotional journey that engages listeners.
• Discuss the role of chord function within the i-vi-ii-v progression and how it influences harmonic movement.
  • In the i-vi-ii-v progression, each chord has a distinct function that influences the overall harmonic movement. The tonic (i) serves as the home base, establishing stability. The vi chord introduces contrast while preparing for further movement. The ii chord builds tension leading into the v chord, which has a strong pull back to the tonic. This interplay of functions creates an engaging sense of direction and resolution throughout the progression.
• Evaluate how variations of the i-vi-ii-v progression using seventh chords impact its overall musical texture and complexity.
  • Using seventh chords in the i-vi-ii-v progression adds significant depth and complexity to its musical texture. For instance, incorporating ii7 introduces additional dissonance that enriches the sound palette and enhances harmonic interest. Similarly, employing v7 creates stronger tension that amplifies the resolution when returning to the tonic (i). These variations allow composers to explore diverse emotional landscapes while maintaining recognizable structural elements within their music.

Related terms

Minor Key: A musical scale or tonality that is based on a minor scale, characterized by a darker and more somber sound compared to major keys.

Tonic: The first scale degree of a key, serving as the home chord or central point around which other chords are organized.

Chord Function: The role that a chord plays within a progression, such as establishing tension, providing resolution, or creating a sense of movement.