Prepared piano

Definition

Prepared piano is a technique developed in the 20th century where objects are placed on or between the strings of a piano to alter its sound. This innovative approach allows composers to explore new textures and timbres, transforming the traditional piano into a versatile instrument capable of producing unique sounds. This technique is closely associated with the avant-garde movement and reflects the broader experimentation found in 20th-century American classical music.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. John Cage created the prepared piano in the 1940s, intending to use it for a theatrical production called 'Sonatas and Interludes'.
2. The preparations can include objects like screws, rubber, and felt placed on piano strings, which can create percussive sounds and altered pitches.
3. Prepared pianos have been used not only in classical compositions but also in jazz and experimental music, showcasing their versatility.
4. The prepared piano challenges traditional notions of what a piano can sound like, reflecting the spirit of experimentation during the 20th century.
5. Many contemporary composers continue to use prepared pianos, demonstrating its lasting impact on modern music.

Review Questions

• How did John Cage's approach to the prepared piano challenge traditional notions of piano music?
  • John Cage's approach to the prepared piano redefined how musicians and composers perceive the instrument by incorporating non-traditional objects that alter its sound. Instead of merely playing keys, Cage created a variety of textures and timbres that expanded the sonic possibilities of the piano. This innovation challenged listeners to rethink what constitutes music and sound, positioning prepared piano within the broader avant-garde movement.
• In what ways does the concept of extended techniques relate to the use of prepared piano in 20th-century classical music?
  • Extended techniques encompass a range of non-traditional methods musicians employ to create new sounds, and prepared piano is a prime example of this concept. By inserting objects into the piano, Cage expanded the sonic palette available to composers and performers, inviting them to experiment with sounds outside conventional playing. This alignment with extended techniques illustrates how 20th-century classical music embraced innovation and challenged established norms.
• Evaluate the significance of prepared piano within the context of 20th-century American classical music and its influence on contemporary compositions.
  • Prepared piano holds significant importance in 20th-century American classical music as it exemplifies a shift towards experimentation and innovation. John Cage's introduction of this technique paved the way for other composers to explore unconventional sounds and broaden their musical language. Its influence continues in contemporary compositions where artists seek to challenge traditional structures, showcasing prepared piano as a catalyst for creativity that resonates through modern music practices.

Related terms

John Cage: An influential American composer known for his innovative use of chance in music and for popularizing the prepared piano technique.

Extended techniques: Unconventional methods of playing instruments that go beyond traditional techniques, often used to create new sounds and expressions in music.

Avant-garde: A cultural movement that seeks to push the boundaries of art and music, often embracing experimental approaches and new ideas.