Kendang

Definition

Kendang is a traditional double-headed drum found in Indonesian music, particularly in the Gamelan ensembles of Java and Bali. It serves as a crucial instrument for keeping rhythm and guiding the tempo, often played by a skilled drummer who communicates with other musicians through intricate patterns. The kendang's distinctive sound and playing technique contribute significantly to the overall texture and dynamic of Gamelan music, linking it closely to cultural expressions and ceremonial functions within Indonesian society.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Kendang players often serve as leaders within Gamelan ensembles, directing the tempo and dynamics of the performance.
2. The kendang is made from a hollowed-out wooden shell covered with animal skin on both ends, producing a deep, resonant sound.
3. In Javanese Gamelan, there are two main types of kendang: kendang ageng (large) and kendang ketipung (small), each serving different roles in the ensemble.
4. The playing technique involves striking the drum with the hands or sticks, allowing for expressive accents and syncopated rhythms.
5. Kendang is not only an important musical instrument but also holds ceremonial significance in various cultural events and rituals throughout Indonesia.

Review Questions

• How does the kendang contribute to the overall rhythm and dynamics of Gamelan music?
  • The kendang plays a vital role in shaping the rhythm and dynamics of Gamelan music by acting as both a timekeeper and a conductor for other musicians. The drummer uses intricate patterns to establish tempo variations that guide the ensemble's performance. Through expressive playing techniques such as accents and syncopation, the kendang enhances the musical conversation among instruments, making it essential for creating the lively textures characteristic of Gamelan.
• Discuss the differences between the two main types of kendang found in Javanese Gamelan and their respective roles within an ensemble.
  • In Javanese Gamelan, there are two main types of kendang: kendang ageng, which is larger and produces deeper tones, and kendang ketipung, which is smaller and has a higher pitch. The kendang ageng typically serves as the main rhythm keeper for slower pieces, providing a solid foundation for other instruments. Conversely, the kendang ketipung is often used in faster compositions where its lighter sound adds complexity. Together, these two types of kendang create a rich rhythmic palette that enhances the overall performance.
• Evaluate the cultural significance of the kendang in Indonesian society beyond its musical role.
  • The kendang holds significant cultural importance in Indonesian society that extends beyond its role in music. It is often associated with traditional ceremonies and cultural rituals where it plays a key part in marking events such as weddings, religious ceremonies, and community celebrations. The craftsmanship involved in making a kendang also reflects local traditions and artistry. Additionally, its presence in performances fosters social cohesion and cultural identity among communities, making it not just an instrument but a symbol of heritage.

Related terms

Gamelan: A traditional ensemble music of Java and Bali made up of various instruments, including gongs, metallophones, and drums, creating rich, layered sounds.

Bali: An Indonesian island known for its vibrant culture, arts, and music, including its unique style of Gamelan that differs from that of Java.

Irama: Refers to the rhythmic patterns or tempo variations in Gamelan music, which are often influenced by the playing of the kendang.