A density gradient refers to the variation in density of a fluid or gas with respect to position, indicating how density changes from one location to another within the medium. In the context of interfacial instabilities, understanding the density gradient is crucial as it drives the buoyancy forces that can lead to unstable behavior at the interface between different phases, such as liquid and gas or between immiscible liquids. The interaction between density gradients and surface tension can result in complex flow patterns and the development of instabilities.
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