Knowledge of results (KR)

Definition

Knowledge of results (KR) refers to feedback given to a performer about the outcome of their actions, particularly in relation to achieving a specific goal or standard. This type of feedback is crucial in motor learning as it helps individuals understand how well they performed a task and what adjustments might be needed for improvement. KR not only enhances learning but also fosters motivation by providing information that can guide future practice and skill refinement.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. KR is especially beneficial in the early stages of learning, where individuals need clear information on whether they achieved their goals.
2. The timing of KR is important; immediate feedback can enhance learning, while delayed feedback might be more effective for skill retention.
3. Providing KR can help learners focus on the outcome of their performance rather than just the process, which can lead to better overall results.
4. KR should be specific and constructive to maximize its effectiveness, helping learners understand precisely what they need to improve.
5. Using KR appropriately can lead to improved motivation and engagement, as individuals feel more connected to their progress and success.

Review Questions

• How does knowledge of results (KR) facilitate motor learning in physical therapy?
  • Knowledge of results (KR) facilitates motor learning in physical therapy by providing patients with crucial feedback on their performance relative to specific goals. This feedback helps patients understand what they did correctly and where improvements are needed, guiding their practice. By consistently applying KR, therapists can reinforce correct movements and techniques, leading to better skill acquisition and recovery outcomes.
• In what ways can the timing of knowledge of results (KR) impact the effectiveness of motor learning strategies?
  • The timing of knowledge of results (KR) significantly impacts motor learning strategies by influencing how quickly a learner can adapt their performance. Immediate feedback can reinforce successful attempts and correct mistakes right away, enhancing learning during practice. However, delaying feedback may allow for deeper processing of the movement, which could aid in long-term retention. Finding the right balance is essential for optimizing skill development.
• Evaluate the potential drawbacks of relying too heavily on knowledge of results (KR) during physical therapy sessions.
  • Relying too heavily on knowledge of results (KR) during physical therapy sessions can lead to several drawbacks. If patients become overly dependent on external feedback, they may struggle to develop intrinsic feedback mechanisms that are crucial for long-term skill retention. Additionally, excessive KR can overwhelm learners with information, leading to confusion rather than clarity about what needs improvement. It’s important for therapists to use KR judiciously alongside other forms of feedback to promote balanced learning and independence in patients.

Related terms

Feedback: Information provided to a learner regarding their performance that can influence future actions and improvement.

Intrinsic Feedback: The sensory information that the performer receives from their own body during or after executing a skill, without external input.

Extrinsic Feedback: Information that comes from outside the performer, such as verbal comments from a coach or data from performance metrics.