Peasants' revolt

Definition

The peasants' revolt refers to a series of uprisings by the lower classes in England during the late 14th century, most notably in 1381. It was a significant response to socio-economic pressures, including heavy taxation and feudal oppression, and reflected the growing discontent among peasants and laborers regarding their harsh living conditions and limited rights.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The peasants' revolt was sparked by a combination of socio-economic factors, including the aftermath of the Black Death, which had reduced the labor force and increased demand for higher wages.
2. The revolt gained momentum after the imposition of a poll tax, which was seen as particularly unfair to the poorer classes.
3. In June 1381, thousands of rebels marched to London, where they seized control of key locations and demanded changes from King Richard II.
4. Despite initial successes, including the execution of several officials, the revolt was eventually crushed by royal forces, leading to severe reprisals against the participants.
5. The events surrounding the peasants' revolt highlighted deep-rooted issues within English society and foreshadowed later movements for social reform and greater rights for the lower classes.

Review Questions

• How did socio-economic factors contribute to the outbreak of the peasants' revolt in 1381?
  • Socio-economic factors such as the aftermath of the Black Death created a labor shortage, leading to increased bargaining power for workers. However, laws like the Statute of Laborers attempted to suppress this newfound power by controlling wages and mobility. The imposition of high taxes further fueled resentment among peasants who felt unfairly targeted, ultimately leading to their uprising against feudal authorities.
• Discuss the role of Wat Tyler in the peasants' revolt and how his leadership influenced the movement's goals.
  • Wat Tyler emerged as a charismatic leader during the peasants' revolt, uniting diverse groups under a common cause. His leadership helped articulate grievances against oppressive taxation and feudal rights while demanding reforms such as fair wages and better living conditions. Tyler's ability to rally support was crucial in organizing marches toward London and negotiating directly with King Richard II, though his eventual death led to a decline in momentum for the revolt.
• Evaluate the long-term impacts of the peasants' revolt on English society and subsequent movements for social change.
  • The peasants' revolt served as a pivotal moment in English history that highlighted systemic injustices faced by lower classes. Although it was ultimately suppressed, its echoes can be seen in later movements advocating for social reform, such as Lollardy. The revolt raised awareness about class disparities and contributed to an ongoing dialogue about rights and governance that would influence future generations seeking equality and justice in English society.

Related terms

Wat Tyler: The leader of the 1381 peasants' revolt, who rallied the lower classes against the injustices they faced, seeking reforms and a fairer distribution of wealth.

Statute of Laborers: A law enacted in 1351 aimed at controlling wages and restricting mobility of workers, which contributed to the unrest that sparked the peasants' revolt.

Lollardy: A religious movement that emerged in the late 14th century, advocating for reform and social justice, which aligned with some of the goals of the peasants' revolt.