The vagina is a muscular tube that connects the external genitals to the cervix of the uterus. It plays a key role in the female reproductive system and serves as a pathway for menstrual flow, sexual intercourse, and childbirth.
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The vagina has a normal microbiota primarily composed of Lactobacillus species which help maintain an acidic pH environment.
An acidic pH in the vagina inhibits the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, providing innate nonspecific host defenses.
Disruption of the vaginal microbiota can lead to infections such as bacterial vaginosis or yeast infections.
Physical barriers like vaginal mucus play a crucial role in trapping pathogens and preventing infections.
Hormonal changes during different life stages (e.g., menstrual cycle, pregnancy, menopause) can affect the vaginal microbiota and its defense mechanisms.
Review Questions
Which genus of bacteria is predominantly found in the normal microbiota of the vagina?
How does an acidic pH contribute to the vagina's defense against infections?
What are some common conditions that arise from disruptions in the vaginal microbiota?
A genus of bacteria that produces lactic acid and plays a crucial role in maintaining an acidic environment in various parts of the body, including the vagina.