Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Definition

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This leads to high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is primarily caused by an autoimmune response targeting pancreatic beta cells.
2. It often manifests in childhood or adolescence but can develop at any age.
3. The destruction of beta cells results in little to no insulin production, requiring lifelong insulin therapy.
4. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as viral infections, are significant risk factors for developing Type 1 diabetes.
5. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through blood tests measuring blood glucose levels and autoantibodies.

Review Questions

• What type of cells are targeted by the immune system in Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
• Why is insulin therapy necessary for individuals with Type 1 diabetes?
• What are some risk factors associated with the development of Type 1 diabetes?

Related terms

Autoantibodies: Proteins produced by the immune system that mistakenly target and react with a person's own tissues.

Insulin: A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels.

Beta Cells: Cells located in the pancreas that produce and secrete insulin.