Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Definition

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is a pituitary hormone that regulates the production of hormones by the thyroid gland. It plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic processes and overall endocrine function.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. TSH levels are often measured to diagnose thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
2. High levels of TSH can indicate an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), while low levels can indicate an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism).
3. Autoimmune conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease directly affect TSH levels by attacking the thyroid gland.
4. TSH secretion is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus and negative feedback from circulating thyroid hormones.
5. Abnormal TSH levels can lead to various symptoms including fatigue, weight changes, and mood disorders.

Review Questions

• How does TSH influence the production of thyroid hormones?
• What might high TSH levels indicate in a patient?
• Which autoimmune disorders are commonly associated with abnormal TSH levels?

Related terms

Hypothyroidism: A condition where the thyroid gland is underactive, leading to insufficient hormone production.

Hyperthyroidism: A condition where the thyroid gland is overactive, producing excessive amounts of hormones.

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: An autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of the thyroid gland, often leading to hypothyroidism.