Superinfection

Definition

A superinfection occurs when an existing infection is followed by a second infection from a different organism, often due to the disruption of normal microbiota by antimicrobial drugs. It typically arises when antibiotics eliminate beneficial bacteria, allowing opportunistic pathogens to proliferate.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Superinfections are often caused by broad-spectrum antibiotics that disrupt normal microbiota.
2. Common examples of superinfections include Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) and Candida infections.
3. Patients receiving prolonged or high-dose antibiotic treatments are at higher risk for developing superinfections.
4. Prevention strategies involve using narrow-spectrum antibiotics when possible and monitoring patients closely for signs of secondary infections.
5. Treatment of superinfections may require additional antimicrobials specifically targeting the new pathogen.

Review Questions

Related terms

Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics:

Antibiotics effective against a wide range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Opportunistic Pathogens:

Microorganisms that cause disease primarily in hosts with compromised immune systems or disrupted normal microbiota.

Normal Microbiota: The community of microorganisms that reside on and within the bodies of humans and other animals, playing crucial roles in health and disease prevention.