Opportunistic pathogens

Definition

Opportunistic pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease primarily in hosts with weakened immune systems. They typically do not cause illness in healthy individuals with intact immune defenses.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Opportunistic infections are a major concern for individuals with immunodeficiencies, such as HIV/AIDS patients.
2. Common opportunistic pathogens include fungi like Candida, bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and viruses like Cytomegalovirus.
3. These pathogens can exploit various forms of immunosuppression, including those induced by chemotherapy or organ transplantation.
4. Preventative measures against opportunistic infections often include prophylactic antimicrobial treatments and strict hygiene practices.
5. Diagnosis of opportunistic infections usually requires specific laboratory tests to identify the causative pathogen due to their varied nature.

Review Questions

• What makes a microorganism an opportunistic pathogen?
• Name three common opportunistic pathogens and the types of infections they can cause.
• Why are individuals with weakened immune systems more susceptible to opportunistic infections?

Related terms

Immunodeficiency: A state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent.

Prophylactic Treatment: Preventive medical treatment aimed at preventing disease.

Pathogen: Any organism that can cause disease in its host.