Quinolines

Definition

Quinolines are a class of synthetic antimicrobial agents that target the DNA replication process in bacteria. They are often used to treat infections like malaria and bacterial infections.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Quinolines function by inhibiting the enzyme DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV, which is essential for bacterial DNA replication.
2. Common examples of quinolines include chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, which are used primarily for treating malaria.
3. Resistance to quinolines can develop through mutations in the genes encoding their target enzymes or through efflux mechanisms.
4. Quinolines can have side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort, central nervous system effects, and, in rare cases, cardiotoxicity.
5. They were first discovered in the early 20th century and have since undergone various modifications to improve efficacy and reduce resistance.

Review Questions

Related terms

DNA Gyrase:

An enzyme targeted by quinolines that is essential for bacterial DNA replication.

Topoisomerase IV:

Another enzyme inhibited by certain quinolines, crucial for separating replicated chromosomal DNA during cell division.

Chloroquine:

A specific type of quinoline used primarily to treat malaria.