Quantum tunneling

Definition

Quantum tunneling is a quantum mechanical phenomenon where a particle can pass through a potential barrier that it classically could not surmount. This phenomenon is essential in various physical and biological processes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Quantum tunneling contributes to the operation of electron microscopes by allowing electrons to penetrate thin samples, providing high-resolution images.
2. It explains how enzymes catalyze reactions at rates much faster than classical theories predict.
3. Quantum tunneling is integral to the functioning of scanning tunneling microscopes (STM), which are used to view surfaces at the atomic level.
4. The probability of quantum tunneling decreases exponentially with increasing barrier thickness and height.
5. Quantum tunneling occurs because particles exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties, according to quantum mechanics.

Review Questions

• What role does quantum tunneling play in electron microscopy?
• How does quantum tunneling help explain enzyme catalysis?
• Why is quantum tunneling important for the functionality of scanning tunneling microscopes?

Related terms

Electron Microscopy:

A technique that uses electrons instead of light to form an image of tiny objects.

Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM):

A device that uses quantum tunneling to generate images of surfaces at the atomic level.

Wave-Particle Duality:

The concept that every particle exhibits both wave and particle properties.