Pyelonephritis

Definition

Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects the kidneys. It can lead to severe complications if left untreated, including kidney damage and sepsis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pyelonephritis is commonly caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli.
2. Symptoms include fever, flank pain, nausea, and vomiting.
3. Diagnosis often involves urine tests showing white blood cells, bacteria, and possibly blood.
4. Treatment typically includes antibiotics to eliminate the infection.
5. Chronic pyelonephritis can result in permanent kidney damage and reduced kidney function.

Review Questions

• What are the common symptoms of pyelonephritis?
• Which bacterial species is most commonly associated with pyelonephritis?
• How is pyelonephritis typically treated?

Related terms

Cystitis: Inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bacterial infection.

Ureteritis: Inflammation of the ureters, often due to infection spreading from the bladder or kidneys.

Sepsis: A life-threatening condition caused by the body's response to an infection, leading to tissue damage and organ failure.