Penicillin G

Definition

Penicillin G is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic effective primarily against Gram-positive bacteria. It is often used to treat serious infections like syphilis, endocarditis, and certain types of bacterial meningitis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Penicillin G is administered intravenously or intramuscularly due to its instability in the acidic environment of the stomach.
2. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to cell lysis and death.
3. Penicillin G remains one of the first-line treatments for infections caused by Streptococcus species, including Streptococcus pyogenes, which can cause urogenital and circulatory system infections.
4. Resistance to Penicillin G can occur through the production of beta-lactamase enzymes by bacteria.
5. Side effects may include allergic reactions, ranging from rash to anaphylaxis.

Review Questions

• Why must Penicillin G be administered intravenously or intramuscularly?
• What is the primary mechanism by which Penicillin G exerts its antibacterial effects?
• Which types of bacterial infections are commonly treated with Penicillin G?

Related terms

Beta-lactamase: An enzyme produced by certain bacteria that deactivates penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics.

Streptococcus pyogenes: A Gram-positive bacterium that can cause a range of illnesses from mild throat infections to severe diseases like necrotizing fasciitis.

Anaphylaxis: A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly after exposure to an allergen such as penicillin.