Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
Methotrexate is a chemotherapy agent and immune system suppressant used to treat certain types of cancer as well as autoimmune diseases. It works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, disrupting cell division, and DNA replication.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
Methotrexate is often used in the treatment of leukemia, which can involve the circulatory and lymphatic systems.
It functions by inhibiting folic acid metabolism, crucial for DNA synthesis and cell proliferation.
Methotrexate can have significant side effects such as immunosuppression, making patients more susceptible to infections including viral infections.
The drug is administered in various forms including oral tablets, injectable solutions, and intrathecal injections directly into cerebrospinal fluid.
Patients on methotrexate therapy require regular monitoring for liver function and blood cell counts due to its potential toxicity.