Mercury

Definition

Mercury is a heavy metal that can be used as an antimicrobial agent. It disrupts microbial enzymes and cellular processes, leading to the death of microorganisms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mercury compounds, such as mercuric chloride, are highly toxic to microorganisms and have been used historically as disinfectants.
2. The use of mercury in controlling microbial growth has declined due to its toxicity and environmental persistence.
3. Mercury interferes with the function of essential enzymes by binding to thiol groups (sulfhydryl groups) in proteins.
4. Microbial resistance to mercury can develop through mechanisms such as plasmid-encoded mercury resistance genes.
5. Exposure to mercury can lead to significant health risks in humans, including neurological damage.

Review Questions

• How does mercury affect microbial enzymes?
• Why has the use of mercury in controlling microbial growth declined?
• What mechanism allows microorganisms to develop resistance to mercury?

Related terms

Heavy Metals:

Elements like mercury, silver, and copper that are used for their antimicrobial properties.

Disinfectant: A chemical agent used on non-living objects to destroy or inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms.

Enzyme Inhibition: The process by which a molecule (e.g., a heavy metal) decreases or halts the activity of an enzyme.