Meningitis

Definition

Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges. It can be caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bacterial meningitis is often more severe than viral meningitis and requires prompt antibiotic treatment.
2. The most common bacterial pathogens causing meningitis include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae.
3. Symptoms of meningitis can include sudden fever, headache, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, and altered mental status.
4. Diagnosis typically involves analyzing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained through a lumbar puncture.
5. Vaccines are available for some types of bacterial meningitis, such as those caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae type b.

Review Questions

• What are the primary symptoms associated with meningitis?
• Which bacteria are most commonly responsible for bacterial meningitis?
• How is meningitis typically diagnosed?

Related terms

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF):

A clear fluid found in the brain and spinal cord that is analyzed to diagnose infections like meningitis.

Lumbar Puncture:

A medical procedure used to collect cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes.

Neisseria Meningitidis: A bacterium that causes one form of bacterial meningitis and can be prevented by vaccination.