Isotype switching

Definition

Isotype switching is a biological mechanism in B cells that changes the class of antibody they produce without altering the antigen specificity. This process allows for a more effective immune response by producing different types of antibodies (IgG, IgA, etc.) tailored to specific pathogens.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Isotype switching occurs after B cells have been activated by an antigen.
2. The process is guided by T-helper cells and requires cytokines such as IL-4 and IFN-γ.
3. Switching involves recombination at the DNA level within the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
4. It enables B cells to produce antibodies other than IgM and IgD, such as IgG, IgA, or IgE.
5. Isotype switching enhances the versatility and effectiveness of the humoral immune response.

Review Questions

Related terms

Antibody Class (Isotype): Different forms of antibodies (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE) produced during an immune response.

Cytokines:

Signaling molecules that assist in regulating immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis.

B Lymphocytes (B Cells): White blood cells that play a vital role in producing antibodies against antigens.