Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes

Definition

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes encode for proteins that are essential for the immune system's ability to recognize foreign molecules. These genes are part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in humans.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. HLA genes are located on chromosome 6.
2. They play a critical role in the adaptive immune response by presenting peptide antigens to T cells.
3. There are three main classes of HLA genes: Class I, Class II, and Class III, with Class I and II being directly involved in antigen presentation.
4. HLA compatibility is crucial for organ transplantation as mismatched HLAs can lead to rejection.
5. Certain HLA types are associated with susceptibility to specific autoimmune diseases.

Review Questions

• Where are HLA genes located?
• What is the primary function of HLA proteins in the immune system?
• Why is HLA compatibility important in organ transplantation?

Related terms

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC): A set of cell surface proteins essential for acquired immune system recognition of foreign molecules.

Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs): Cells that display foreign antigens on their surfaces along with MHC molecules to T cells.

Autoimmune Disease: A condition arising from an abnormal immune response to a normal body part, often associated with specific HLA types.