Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

Definition

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. They are often used to improve crop yield and resistance to pests or diseases.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. GMOs can be used to create disease-resistant crops, reducing the need for chemical pesticides.
2. In microbiology, GMOs can include bacteria engineered to produce medicines like insulin.
3. The safety and impact of GMOs on human health and the environment are subjects of ongoing scientific research and debate.
4. Horizontal gene transfer is a concern with GMOs, as it may result in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.
5. Regulatory frameworks for GMOs vary significantly across different countries, affecting their usage and research.

Review Questions

• What are some common uses of genetically modified organisms in agriculture?
• How might horizontal gene transfer pose a risk when working with GMOs?
• What role do regulatory frameworks play in the use of GMOs?

Related terms

Horizontal Gene Transfer:

The movement of genetic material between organisms other than by vertical transmission (from parent to offspring).

Antibiotic Resistance:

The ability of microorganisms to survive and multiply despite the presence of an antibiotic that usually kills them or inhibits their growth.

Transgenic Organism: An organism that contains a gene or genes which have been artificially inserted instead of the organism acquiring them through reproduction.