Gamma aminobutyric acid

Definition

Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It plays a crucial role in reducing neuronal excitability and regulating muscle tone.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. GABA is synthesized from glutamate by the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase.
2. GABAergic neurons are predominantly found in regions such as the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia.
3. Disruption of GABA signaling can lead to neurological disorders such as epilepsy, anxiety, and sleep disturbances.
4. Certain bacterial toxins, like tetanus toxin, inhibit GABA release, causing muscle spasms and rigidity.
5. GABA receptors are targeted by various drugs including benzodiazepines and barbiturates to treat conditions like anxiety and insomnia.

Review Questions

• What enzyme is responsible for synthesizing GABA from glutamate?
• How does disruption of GABA signaling affect the nervous system?
• Which type of bacterial toxin inhibits the release of GABA?

Related terms

Glutamate: An excitatory neurotransmitter that acts as a precursor for GABA.

Neurotransmitter: Chemical substances that transmit signals across a synapse between neurons.

Tetanus Toxin: A neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani that inhibits the release of GABA.