Epinephrine

Definition

Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone and neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the body's fight-or-flight response. It is commonly used in medical settings to treat severe allergic reactions and anaphylaxis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Epinephrine rapidly increases heart rate, strength of heart contractions, and blood flow to muscles.
2. It is the primary treatment for anaphylaxis and must be administered immediately during severe allergic reactions.
3. Epinephrine can cause vasoconstriction, which helps to raise blood pressure during anaphylactic shock.
4. The drug is typically administered via an auto-injector (like an EpiPen) for ease of use in emergencies.
5. It interacts with both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors to produce its effects.

Review Questions

• What are the primary physiological effects of epinephrine during an allergic reaction?
• How does epinephrine help alleviate symptoms of anaphylaxis?
• In what form is epinephrine most commonly administered during emergencies?

Related terms

Anaphylaxis:

A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention.

Beta-adrenergic receptors: Receptors on cells that interact with epinephrine to regulate cardiovascular functions.

Vasoconstriction: The narrowing of blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels.