Endothelial cells form the thin layer of cells lining the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. They play a crucial role in barrier function, inflammation, and immune response.
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Endothelial cells create a physical barrier that regulates the passage of materials and the transit of white blood cells into and out of the bloodstream.
They produce signaling molecules like cytokines that mediate inflammation and recruit immune cells to sites of infection or injury.
During an immune response, endothelial cells can increase their permeability to allow immune cells to pass through more easily.
These cells are involved in angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, which is vital for wound healing and tissue regeneration.
They express surface adhesion molecules that help capture circulating leukocytes (white blood cells) and direct them to sites where they are needed.