Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain, typically caused by viral infections. It can result in symptoms ranging from mild flu-like signs to severe neurological damage.
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Common causes include herpes simplex virus, West Nile virus, and enteroviruses.
Symptoms often include fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and sometimes loss of consciousness.
Diagnosis usually involves neuroimaging (MRI or CT scans), lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and blood tests for viral antibodies.
Treatment depends on the cause but may include antiviral medications and supportive care to manage symptoms.
Complications can range from mild cognitive impairment to severe neurological sequelae like memory loss or speech difficulties.