Chirality

Definition

Chirality is a property of a molecule that makes it non-superimposable on its mirror image. Chiral molecules usually have at least one carbon atom bonded to four different groups.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Chiral molecules are essential in biochemistry because many biomolecules, such as amino acids and sugars, are chiral.
2. The two non-superimposable forms of a chiral molecule are called enantiomers.
3. Enzymes, which are proteins, often show selectivity for one enantiomer over the other due to their own chiral nature.
4. In biological systems, only one enantiomer of chiral molecules is typically active or functional.
5. Chirality can affect the way drugs interact with biological targets; hence, pharmaceutical companies often focus on synthesizing a specific enantiomer.

Review Questions

• What makes a molecule chiral?
• Why is chirality important in biochemistry?
• What term describes the two non-superimposable forms of a chiral molecule?

Related terms

Stereoisomers: Molecules with the same molecular formula but different spatial arrangements.

Enantiomers: Pairs of molecules that are mirror images of each other and non-superimposable.

Diastereomers: Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other.