Bacillus anthracis

Definition

Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that causes anthrax. It is known for its ability to form resilient spores that can survive in harsh environments.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bacillus anthracis commonly infects livestock and can be transmitted to humans through contact with contaminated animals or animal products.
2. The bacterium has a poly-D-glutamic acid capsule which helps it evade the host's immune system.
3. It produces three toxins: protective antigen, edema factor, and lethal factor, which together contribute to its virulence.
4. Spores of Bacillus anthracis can remain dormant in soil for decades but become active once they enter a host.
5. Effective control measures include vaccination of livestock and proper handling of potentially contaminated materials.

Review Questions

• What are the main virulence factors produced by Bacillus anthracis?
• How does Bacillus anthracis evade the host's immune system?
• What measures can be taken to control the spread of Bacillus anthracis?

Related terms

Anthrax:

A serious infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, affecting skin, lungs, and intestines.

Endospore:

A resistant asexual spore that develops inside some bacteria cells, allowing them to survive in unfavorable conditions.

Virulence Factor: Molecules produced by pathogens like Bacillus anthracis that contribute to their ability to cause disease.