Anthrax

Definition

Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It primarily affects livestock but can also infect humans through contact with contaminated animal products.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Anthrax can manifest in three forms: cutaneous, inhalational, and gastrointestinal.
2. The bacterium Bacillus anthracis produces spores that are highly resistant to environmental conditions.
3. Inhalational anthrax is the most lethal form, often requiring prompt medical intervention.
4. The anthrax toxin consists of three proteins: protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF), and lethal factor (LF).
5. Vaccines are available for those at high risk of exposure, including military personnel and certain laboratory workers.

Review Questions

• What are the three forms of anthrax infection?
• Which component of Bacillus anthracis is responsible for its high resistance to environmental conditions?
• What are the roles of protective antigen, edema factor, and lethal factor in the pathogenesis of anthrax?

Related terms

Bacillus anthracis:

A Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium responsible for causing anthrax.

Spore: A resistant form adopted by bacteria like Bacillus anthracis to survive unfavorable conditions.

Virulence Factor: Molecules produced by pathogens like toxins that enhance their ability to cause disease.