American trypanosomiasis

Definition

American trypanosomiasis, also known as Chagas disease, is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It primarily affects the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is transmitted to humans through the feces of triatomine bugs, commonly known as 'kissing bugs.'
2. Chagas disease has two phases: an acute phase with mild or no symptoms and a chronic phase which can cause severe cardiac and digestive issues.
3. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that identify T. cruzi or its antibodies.
4. Nifurtimox and benznidazole are the main drugs used for treatment, particularly effective during the acute phase.
5. Preventive measures include improving housing conditions to avoid contact with triatomine bugs and using insecticides.

Review Questions

• What is the causative agent of American trypanosomiasis?
• Describe the two phases of Chagas disease.
• What are common methods for diagnosing Chagas disease?

Related terms

Trypanosoma cruzi: The protozoan parasite responsible for causing American trypanosomiasis.

Triatomine bugs: 'Kissing bugs' that transmit T. cruzi to humans through their feces.

Nifurtimox: A drug used in the treatment of Chagas disease, most effective during the acute phase.