Adaptive immunity

Definition

Adaptive immunity is a specialized immune response that develops over time, involving the activation and clonal expansion of lymphocytes. It provides long-lasting protection and memory against specific pathogens.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Adaptive immunity involves two main types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells.
2. It is characterized by specificity for distinct antigens and the development of immunological memory.
3. B cells produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens or mark them for destruction.
4. T cells can directly kill infected cells or help other immune cells through cytokine production.
5. Primary exposure to an antigen leads to a slower response, while secondary exposure results in a faster, more robust response due to memory cells.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of B cells and T cells in adaptive immunity?
• How does adaptive immunity differ from innate immunity in terms of response time and specificity?
• What role do memory cells play in the adaptive immune system?

Related terms

Antigen:

A substance that induces an immune response, often by binding to a receptor on B or T cells.

Antibody:

A protein produced by B cells that binds specifically to an antigen to neutralize it or mark it for destruction.

Cytokines:

Small signaling proteins released by T cells that regulate the intensity and duration of the immune response.