Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Definition

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It severely weakens the immune system, making the body susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection when the immune system is badly damaged.
2. Common opportunistic infections associated with AIDS include Pneumocystis pneumonia and Kaposi's sarcoma.
3. The primary mode of HIV transmission is through unprotected sexual contact, but it can also spread via blood transfusions, shared needles, and from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding.
4. Diagnosis of AIDS involves a CD4 cell count below 200 cells/mm³ or the presence of specific opportunistic infections or cancers.
5. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can manage HIV infection and prevent progression to AIDS.

Review Questions

Related terms

HIV:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which attacks and destroys CD4 cells in the immune system.

Opportunistic Infection: Infections that occur more frequently and are more severe in individuals with weakened immune systems.

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART):

Medications used to treat HIV infection by reducing viral load and strengthening the immune system.