α carbon
Definition
The α carbon is the central carbon atom in an amino acid to which the amino group, carboxyl group, and R group (side chain) are attached. It plays a crucial role in the structure and function of proteins.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- The α carbon is chiral in all amino acids except glycine, leading to L- and D-isomers.
- It is the backbone of protein secondary structures like α-helices and β-sheets.
- The rotation around the bonds involving the α carbon affects protein folding and stability.
- In peptide bonds, the α carbon connects adjacent amino acids via their carboxyl and amino groups.
- The properties of the R group attached to the α carbon determine the characteristics and function of each amino acid.
Review Questions
- Why is the α carbon considered chiral in most amino acids?
- How does the α carbon contribute to protein secondary structures?
- What role does the α carbon play in peptide bond formation?
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Related terms
Peptide Bond: A covalent bond that links amino acids together in a protein.
R Group: The side chain attached to an amino acid's α carbon, which determines its properties.
Chiral Center: An atom with four different groups attached, leading to non-superimposable mirror images.
