Non-maleficence

Definition

Non-maleficence is the ethical principle that obligates individuals to avoid causing harm to others. In public health practice, this principle emphasizes the importance of ensuring that interventions, policies, and actions do not produce negative consequences for individuals or communities. By prioritizing non-maleficence, public health professionals aim to balance the benefits of health initiatives against any potential risks or harms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Non-maleficence is one of the core principles in bioethics, along with beneficence, autonomy, and justice.
2. In public health, non-maleficence requires careful consideration of potential negative outcomes when designing and implementing health interventions.
3. The principle of non-maleficence helps guide risk assessment and management in public health policies and practices.
4. Non-maleficence is essential for maintaining trust between public health officials and the communities they serve, as it underscores the commitment to doing no harm.
5. Evaluating the trade-offs between benefits and harms is a critical aspect of applying non-maleficence in public health decision-making.

Review Questions

• How does non-maleficence influence the development of public health interventions?
  • Non-maleficence influences the development of public health interventions by requiring professionals to carefully assess potential risks and harms associated with any proposed action. This principle ensures that any health initiative prioritizes the well-being of individuals and communities, weighing the benefits against possible negative consequences. By adhering to non-maleficence, public health officials aim to create strategies that protect vulnerable populations from unnecessary harm while promoting overall health.
• Discuss how non-maleficence can conflict with other ethical principles such as beneficence in public health practice.
  • Non-maleficence can sometimes conflict with beneficence when a proposed intervention has the potential to cause harm, even if it also aims to provide significant benefits. For example, a vaccine might prevent a serious disease (beneficence) but could also have side effects (non-maleficence). Public health professionals must navigate these ethical dilemmas by conducting thorough risk assessments, ensuring that any potential harms are justified by substantial benefits. Balancing these principles is crucial in making ethical decisions in public health.
• Evaluate the implications of non-maleficence in the context of emerging public health technologies, such as genetic testing.
  • The implications of non-maleficence in the context of emerging public health technologies like genetic testing are profound, as these technologies can lead to both beneficial outcomes and significant risks. While genetic testing can provide valuable information for preventing diseases, it may also result in psychological harm or discrimination based on genetic information. Public health practitioners must carefully consider these potential harms when advocating for or implementing new technologies, ensuring that policies protect individuals from negative consequences while promoting beneficial advancements in healthcare. This evaluation is essential for fostering trust in new technologies among the population.

Related terms

Beneficence:

The ethical principle that promotes actions that benefit others and contribute to their well-being.

Justice: The ethical principle that focuses on fairness and equity in the distribution of resources and treatment within health care and public health.

Informed Consent: The process by which individuals are provided with information about a treatment or intervention, allowing them to make voluntary and informed decisions about their care.