Marburg

Definition

Marburg is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Marburg virus, a member of the filovirus family, which can lead to severe illness and high mortality rates in humans. Its connection to bioterrorism and public health emergencies stems from its potential as a biological weapon, the threat it poses during outbreaks, and the global health response required to manage and contain the virus's spread.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Marburg virus was first identified in 1967 during laboratory outbreaks in Germany and Serbia, where it caused severe illness in researchers who handled infected African green monkeys.
2. Symptoms of Marburg infection include fever, severe headache, muscle pains, vomiting blood, and hemorrhaging, with a mortality rate that can reach up to 90% in severe cases.
3. Transmission of the Marburg virus occurs through direct contact with infected bodily fluids, contaminated surfaces, or exposure to infected animals such as bats and monkeys.
4. Containment measures during outbreaks involve isolating patients, enforcing strict hygiene protocols, and conducting contact tracing to prevent further spread.
5. Research into vaccines and treatments for Marburg is ongoing, with several candidates in various stages of development to enhance preparedness for potential outbreaks.

Review Questions

• What are the primary modes of transmission for the Marburg virus and how do these contribute to its potential as a bioterrorism threat?
  • The Marburg virus primarily transmits through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated surfaces. This ability to spread easily among individuals, especially in healthcare settings without proper precautions, raises concerns about its use as a bioweapon. If released intentionally or accidentally in a populated area, rapid transmission could overwhelm public health systems and lead to significant morbidity and mortality.
• Evaluate the public health response strategies necessary for managing a Marburg virus outbreak effectively.
  • Managing a Marburg outbreak requires comprehensive public health strategies that include early detection of cases, swift isolation of infected individuals, extensive contact tracing, and community education about prevention measures. Implementing strict infection control practices in healthcare facilities is crucial to prevent nosocomial transmission. Additionally, collaboration with international health organizations enhances resource mobilization and coordination during an outbreak response.
• Analyze the implications of Marburg virus research on future preparedness for viral hemorrhagic fevers and bioterrorism threats.
  • Research on the Marburg virus is vital for understanding its pathogenesis and developing effective vaccines and treatments. By investing in this research, public health agencies can enhance their preparedness for future outbreaks of not just Marburg but also other viral hemorrhagic fevers. This proactive approach also addresses potential bioterrorism threats by ensuring rapid response capabilities and resource allocation during public health emergencies involving such deadly pathogens.

Related terms

Filovirus: A family of viruses that includes Marburg and Ebola viruses, known for causing severe viral hemorrhagic fevers.

Hemorrhagic Fever: A group of illnesses caused by several viruses that lead to bleeding and high mortality rates, including Marburg and Ebola.

Biological Warfare: The use of biological agents, like viruses or bacteria, to harm or intimidate populations, potentially involving pathogens such as the Marburg virus.