John Milton

Definition

John Milton was an English poet, polemicist, and civil servant, best known for his epic poem 'Paradise Lost,' which explores the biblical story of the Fall of Man. His work has had a profound influence on later literature and culture, shaping the development of poetic form, themes of free will and individualism, and attitudes towards authority and governance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Milton was a strong advocate for individual liberty and freedom of speech, which is reflected in his political writings as well as his poetry.
2. He lost his eyesight later in life but continued to compose poetry through dictation to his daughters and others.
3. Milton's work has inspired countless authors and artists, influencing literary movements such as Romanticism and modern poetry.
4. His portrayal of Satan in 'Paradise Lost' has led to complex interpretations of good and evil, contributing to discussions about morality in literature.
5. Milton's ideas about government and tyranny were shaped by his experiences during the English Civil War, advocating for republicanism over monarchy.

Review Questions

• How did John Milton's political views influence his literary works?
  • John Milton's political views were heavily influenced by his experiences during the English Civil War, which shaped his advocacy for individual liberty and republicanism. This is evident in both his poetry and prose, where he often critiques tyranny and promotes ideas of free will. His strong belief in the importance of personal conscience also resonates throughout his works, particularly in 'Paradise Lost,' where characters grapple with issues of authority and rebellion.
• Discuss the impact of 'Paradise Lost' on later literary traditions and cultural movements.
  • 'Paradise Lost' has had a lasting impact on later literary traditions, inspiring countless writers across different genres. Its exploration of complex themes such as free will, redemption, and the nature of evil has shaped modern understandings of these concepts in literature. Additionally, Milton's innovative use of blank verse influenced poets in the Romantic era and beyond, encouraging a more expressive form of writing that emphasized personal emotion and thought.
• Evaluate how John Milton's portrayal of Satan in 'Paradise Lost' reflects contemporary debates about morality and authority.
  • John Milton's portrayal of Satan in 'Paradise Lost' serves as a profound commentary on contemporary debates about morality and authority. By depicting Satan as a charismatic figure who embodies rebellion against tyranny, Milton invites readers to question traditional notions of good versus evil. This complexity has sparked discussions about individualism, moral ambiguity, and the nature of authority that continue to resonate in modern literature and cultural discourse. The character's depth challenges readers to grapple with their own beliefs about freedom, responsibility, and the consequences of rebellion.

Related terms

Paradise Lost: 'Paradise Lost' is Milton's most famous work, an epic poem that tells the story of the rebellion of Satan and the temptation of Adam and Eve, examining themes of sin, redemption, and the human condition.

Puritanism: A religious reform movement that emerged in England during the late 16th and 17th centuries, emphasizing strict moral codes and a personal relationship with God, which significantly influenced Milton's writings.

Sonnet: A poetic form consisting of 14 lines with a specific rhyme scheme, which Milton used to express personal reflections and political thoughts in his shorter works.