Neoplatonism

Definition

Neoplatonism is a philosophical system that emerged in the 3rd century CE, primarily developed by the philosopher Plotinus. It builds upon the ideas of Plato, emphasizing the existence of a single, transcendent source of reality known as the One, from which all things emanate. Neoplatonism significantly influenced early Christian thought and provided a framework for understanding the relationship between the material and spiritual worlds.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Neoplatonism emphasizes the importance of intellectual and spiritual ascent, advocating for the purification of the soul to achieve unity with the One.
2. The philosophical framework of neoplatonism laid foundational ideas for Christian theology, particularly regarding the nature of God and creation.
3. Neoplatonists believed that the material world was a reflection of higher, spiritual realities, often viewing it as less real or inferior compared to the spiritual realm.
4. Plotinus' writings were compiled into a work called 'The Enneads,' which became central to neoplatonic thought and influenced later philosophers.
5. Neoplatonism encouraged personal mystical experiences and sought to reconcile philosophy with religious beliefs, impacting various religious traditions including Gnosticism and early Christianity.

Review Questions

• How did neoplatonism build upon Plato's original philosophy, particularly in its understanding of reality?
  • Neoplatonism expands upon Plato's philosophy by introducing a more defined hierarchy of reality, centered around the concept of the One as the ultimate source. While Plato emphasized forms and ideals, neoplatonists like Plotinus articulated that everything emanates from this singular, transcendent reality. This shift highlights not only a continuation of Plato’s ideas but also an evolution towards a more mystical understanding of existence and its relationship to a higher power.
• Discuss how neoplatonism influenced early Christian thought and its doctrines regarding creation and God.
  • Neoplatonism had a significant impact on early Christian theology by providing a framework for understanding God as a singular, transcendent entity from which all creation flows. This idea aligned with Christian concepts of creation ex nihilo (creation out of nothing) and the nature of God as both immanent and transcendent. Early Christian thinkers adopted neoplatonic ideas to articulate their views on the relationship between God, Jesus Christ, and humanity, integrating philosophical insights into theological discussions.
• Evaluate the role of emanation in neoplatonism and its implications for understanding the material world versus spiritual reality.
  • Emanation is a core concept in neoplatonism that describes how all realities originate from the One in a hierarchical order. This process implies that the material world is seen as less real than spiritual truths, creating a dualistic view where the physical realm is often viewed with skepticism. The implications are profound, as this perspective encourages individuals to seek knowledge and experience beyond physical existence, fostering an emphasis on spiritual growth and enlightenment that resonates across various philosophical and religious contexts.

Related terms

Plotinus: An influential philosopher who founded neoplatonism and articulated its key concepts, particularly the nature of the One and the process of emanation.

Emanation: The process in neoplatonism by which all beings and realities flow out from the One, representing a hierarchical structure of existence.

Theurgy: A practice within neoplatonism aimed at invoking the divine through rituals, believed to help the soul ascend towards the divine realm.