Richard Steele

Definition

Richard Steele was an influential Irish writer and politician of the early 18th century, best known for co-founding the periodical essays 'The Tatler' and 'The Spectator'. His work in these publications played a key role in the development of the periodical essay as a distinct literary form, shaping public discourse and opinion while also bridging the gap between Restoration comedy and the emerging sentimental style.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Steele's first major work, 'The Tatler', began publication in 1709 and focused on news and social commentary, quickly gaining popularity.
2. In collaboration with Joseph Addison, Steele launched 'The Spectator' in 1711, which became highly influential in shaping public opinion and cultural norms of the time.
3. Steele's writing style was accessible and conversational, making his essays relatable to a broad audience and allowing him to reach a diverse readership.
4. His works often highlighted the importance of manners, morality, and the cultivation of virtue, reflecting early Enlightenment ideals that were gaining traction during his lifetime.
5. Steele's influence extended beyond literature into politics; he served as a member of Parliament and used his writing to advocate for various social reforms.

Review Questions

• How did Richard Steele contribute to the emergence of the periodical essay as a significant literary form?
  • Richard Steele played a pivotal role in establishing the periodical essay as a popular literary form through his works 'The Tatler' and 'The Spectator'. These publications not only provided commentary on contemporary society but also engaged readers with moral reflections and witty observations. By employing a conversational tone and addressing a range of topics from politics to personal conduct, Steele set the stage for future writers to use this format for social critique and entertainment.
• In what ways did Steele's writings influence public discourse during the early 18th century?
  • Steele's essays significantly shaped public discourse by addressing pressing social issues and engaging readers in discussions about morality, manners, and civic responsibility. His ability to present complex ideas in an accessible manner allowed him to connect with a wide audience, thus creating a space for dialogue on societal norms. The popularity of his periodicals fostered an informed citizenry that could engage with contemporary events and ideas more critically.
• Evaluate the impact of Richard Steele's transition from Restoration comedy to sentimental comedy on his literary works and their reception.
  • Richard Steele's transition from Restoration comedy to sentimental comedy marked a shift in thematic focus from purely entertainment towards moral instruction and emotional depth. This evolution reflected broader cultural changes where audiences began to favor stories that emphasized virtue and emotional engagement over mere wit. Steele's writings embraced this new sensibility, ultimately leading to a greater acceptance of sentimental themes in literature and paving the way for later authors who further developed this genre.

Related terms

Joseph Addison: A close collaborator with Steele, Addison co-founded 'The Spectator' and was instrumental in popularizing the periodical essay format.

Periodical Essay: A short literary work published regularly, often addressing contemporary social issues, moral lessons, or commentary on daily life, which gained prominence through Steele's and Addison's efforts.

Sentimental Comedy: A theatrical genre that emerged in the early 18th century, characterized by an emphasis on emotional appeal and moral lessons, reflecting a shift from the humor of Restoration comedy.