Restoration Literature

Definition

Restoration Literature refers to the body of work produced during the English Restoration period (1660-1700), characterized by a revival of drama, poetry, and prose after the Puritan rule. This era is notable for its emergence of modern literary forms and the rise of influential writers who shaped English literature, emphasizing themes of individuality, satire, and social commentary.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Restoration period saw the reopening of theaters after years of closure due to Puritan rule, leading to a flourishing of drama and performance art.
2. John Dryden is often considered the leading literary figure of this time, contributing significantly to both poetry and drama while also establishing critical standards in literature.
3. Alexander Pope emerged as a key poet during this era, known for his use of heroic couplets and sharp wit in works such as 'The Rape of the Lock.'
4. Women writers gained prominence during the Restoration, with figures like Aphra Behn making significant contributions to both prose and drama.
5. Restoration Literature reflects the societal changes of the time, including shifting views on monarchy, individualism, and social norms following the tumultuous Civil War and Commonwealth.

Review Questions

• How did Restoration Literature reflect the social and political changes in England during its time?
  • Restoration Literature mirrored the significant social and political shifts occurring in England after the monarchy was restored in 1660. The reopening of theaters allowed for a resurgence in dramatic works that often satirized court life and societal norms. Writers like Dryden and Pope used their platforms to comment on individualism and critique authority, showcasing how literature evolved in response to contemporary issues such as class dynamics and moral behavior.
• In what ways did John Dryden and Alexander Pope contribute to the development of literary criticism during the Restoration period?
  • John Dryden is credited with laying down early principles of literary criticism through his essays and prefaces, where he emphasized the importance of clarity and structure in writing. Alexander Pope furthered this by utilizing satire to critique not just individual writers but also broader literary trends. Together, they established a framework for modern literary criticism that focused on form, style, and moral purpose in literature.
• Evaluate how Lady Mary Wortley Montagu’s poetry and travel writing fit within the broader context of Restoration Literature.
  • Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's work stands out within Restoration Literature as it combines personal experience with social commentary. Her poetry often explores themes of gender roles and women's rights, challenging the traditional boundaries set by her male contemporaries. Her travel writings offer insights into Eastern cultures while reflecting her own views on society back home. This blend of personal narrative with political awareness highlights how Restoration Literature expanded to include diverse voices that questioned societal norms.

Related terms

Comedy of Manners: A genre of comedy that satirizes the manners and affectations of a contemporary society, often focusing on the behaviors and relationships of the upper classes.

Satire: A literary technique that uses humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize or mock individuals, institutions, or society as a whole.

Dramatic Monologue: A poetic form in which a single speaker addresses a silent listener, revealing their thoughts and feelings through their speech.