Lexicography

Definition

Lexicography is the art and science of dictionary-making, involving the compilation, writing, and editing of dictionaries to provide definitions and descriptions of words. This practice is crucial for standardizing language, ensuring consistency in spelling, meaning, and usage, especially during periods of linguistic evolution like the 18th century.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The 18th century saw significant advances in lexicography, with Samuel Johnson's 'A Dictionary of the English Language' published in 1755 being one of the most influential works.
2. Lexicographers not only define words but also provide information about their pronunciation, part of speech, and usage examples, contributing to a clearer understanding of language.
3. The push for standardization during this period was partly due to the growing need for a unified national identity and effective communication as England experienced social and political changes.
4. Lexicography also played a role in education during the 18th century, as dictionaries became essential tools for learning correct language use among students and scholars.
5. The rise of print culture in the 18th century facilitated the spread of dictionaries, making them more accessible to the general public and helping to further standardize the English language.

Review Questions

• How did lexicography contribute to the standardization of the English language during the 18th century?
  • Lexicography contributed to the standardization of the English language in the 18th century by providing authoritative definitions and consistent usage examples through dictionaries. The publication of influential works like Samuel Johnson's dictionary established norms for spelling, pronunciation, and meaning. This helped unify language practices across different regions, making communication more effective during a time when England was undergoing significant social and political changes.
• Discuss the impact of Samuel Johnson's 'A Dictionary of the English Language' on both lexicography and education in the 18th century.
  • Samuel Johnson's 'A Dictionary of the English Language' was groundbreaking in lexicography as it provided comprehensive definitions and organized words systematically. Its impact on education was significant; it served as a critical resource for teachers and students alike, promoting correct usage and understanding of English. By establishing a clear reference point for language standards, Johnson's work shaped how future dictionaries would be created and used in educational settings.
• Evaluate the relationship between lexicography and cultural identity in 18th-century England.
  • In 18th-century England, lexicography was closely tied to cultural identity as efforts to standardize the English language reflected a desire for national unity amid social change. The creation of dictionaries not only provided clarity in communication but also reinforced a shared linguistic heritage that contributed to a sense of belonging among English speakers. As language became a marker of national identity, lexicographers played an essential role in shaping how people perceived their culture through its vocabulary and usage.

Related terms

Dictionary: A reference book or online resource that lists words in alphabetical order and provides their meanings, pronunciations, and other information.

Standardization: The process of establishing a common set of rules and norms in language to create uniformity in spelling, grammar, and usage.

Etymology: The study of the origin of words and how their meanings and forms have evolved over time.