Humanism

Definition

Humanism is an intellectual movement that emerged during the Renaissance, focusing on the value of human beings, individual agency, and the study of classical texts. This movement emphasized the importance of reason, ethics, and critical thinking, leading to a revival of interest in classical antiquity and shaping various aspects of art, literature, and philosophy during this period.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Humanism encouraged the study of subjects such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, and moral philosophy, often referred to as the humanities.
2. Prominent humanists like Erasmus and Petrarch sought to reconcile classical knowledge with Christian teachings, impacting religious thought.
3. The humanist focus on individual potential led to a new appreciation for personal experience and expression in literature and the arts.
4. Humanism played a crucial role in the development of secularism in society, moving away from strictly religious perspectives.
5. The influence of humanism can be seen in works like Spenser's poetry, which incorporates classical themes and celebrates human virtues.

Review Questions

• How did humanism influence the themes and styles present in Renaissance literature?
  • Humanism significantly influenced Renaissance literature by promoting themes centered on individual experience and moral virtue. Writers began to incorporate classical references and philosophies into their works, emphasizing human agency and ethics. This shift is evident in poets like Spenser, who celebrated human qualities while also drawing on classical traditions to create rich narratives.
• Discuss how Petrarch's ideas contributed to the emergence of humanism in Europe.
  • Petrarch is often regarded as the 'father of humanism' due to his focus on individual experience and his revival of classical texts. His emphasis on personal introspection and emotional expression encouraged others to explore these themes in their own work. Petrarch’s sonnets reflect humanist ideals by examining love and nature through a personal lens while reviving the classic forms and styles of poetry that became foundational for future writers.
• Evaluate the impact of humanism on the development of philosophical thought during the Renaissance and its lasting effects on modern society.
  • Humanism reshaped philosophical thought during the Renaissance by shifting focus from religious dogma to human experience and rational inquiry. This intellectual movement laid groundwork for secular philosophy and science, encouraging critical thinking and questioning established norms. Its emphasis on individual rights and ethical considerations has had lasting effects on modern society, influencing contemporary views on democracy, education, and personal autonomy.

Related terms

Renaissance:

A cultural movement from the 14th to the 17th century that marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity, characterized by a renewed interest in classical antiquity and humanist principles.

Classicism:

A style in literature and art that draws inspiration from the classical antiquity of Greece and Rome, reflecting ideals of harmony, balance, and proportion.

Individualism:

A social theory that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual, promoting independence and self-reliance as key values.