Chaucer

Definition

Chaucer is often referred to as the 'Father of English literature' and is best known for his work, particularly 'The Canterbury Tales,' which is a collection of stories told by a diverse group of pilgrims traveling to Canterbury. His writing showcases the complexities of medieval society and employs various literary styles, making him a foundational figure in English literature and influencing subsequent authors.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Chaucer was born around 1343 and wrote during the late 14th century, a time when English was becoming more prominent as a literary language.
2. He served in various roles throughout his life, including as a civil servant, courtier, and diplomat, which provided him with insight into the social dynamics of his time.
3. Chaucer's use of vernacular English was revolutionary as it helped elevate the language's status in literature, making it more accessible to the common people.
4. His characters in 'The Canterbury Tales' are drawn from all walks of life, including nobility, clergy, and peasants, highlighting the social stratification of medieval England.
5. Chaucer’s work has had a lasting impact on literature, influencing writers such as Shakespeare and many others who followed him in exploring themes of human nature and society.

Review Questions

• How does Chaucer's use of diverse characters in 'The Canterbury Tales' reflect the social structure of medieval England?
  • Chaucer's 'The Canterbury Tales' presents a range of characters from different social classes, such as the Knight, the Wife of Bath, and the Pardoner. This diversity allows readers to glimpse the complexities of medieval society and its hierarchical structure. By including both noble figures and common folk, Chaucer critiques societal norms and reveals the shared human experiences across these social divides.
• Analyze how Chaucer’s narrative technique contributes to the overall themes presented in 'The Canterbury Tales.'
  • Chaucer employs a frame narrative structure in 'The Canterbury Tales,' where the journey to Canterbury serves as a backdrop for individual stories. This technique not only provides variety but also allows each tale to highlight different aspects of human nature and societal issues. The interplay between the tales and their narrators deepens the exploration of themes such as morality, love, and social critique.
• Evaluate Chaucer's influence on later English literature and how his works paved the way for future writers.
  • Chaucer's pioneering use of vernacular English established it as a legitimate literary language, which inspired future authors to write in English rather than Latin or French. His exploration of character-driven narratives and social commentary set a precedent for later writers like Shakespeare. By presenting complex human emotions and societal issues through relatable characters, Chaucer laid the groundwork for modern storytelling techniques that continue to resonate in contemporary literature.

Related terms

The Canterbury Tales: A landmark work in English literature, 'The Canterbury Tales' is a collection of stories narrated by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, reflecting a wide range of characters and themes from medieval society.

Frame Narrative: A literary technique used by Chaucer in 'The Canterbury Tales,' where a main story serves as a framework for telling various individual tales, allowing for different voices and perspectives.

Middle English: The form of the English language used during Chaucer's time, characterized by a mix of Norman French and Old English influences, which Chaucer utilized to make his works accessible to a broader audience.