Restoration Period

Definition

The Restoration Period refers to the time in English history from 1660 to 1688 when the monarchy was restored after the English Civil War and the Interregnum. This era was marked by significant political, social, and cultural changes, setting the stage for notable developments in literature, including a shift towards realism and the emergence of new genres.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Restoration Period began with Charles II's return to England in 1660, ending a period of Puritan rule under Oliver Cromwell.
2. This era saw the revival of the theater, with plays being performed publicly again after years of censorship during the Interregnum.
3. Literary works from this time often reflected themes of individualism and secularism, moving away from earlier religious influences.
4. The period is notable for its advancements in satire, especially through writers like John Dryden and Aphra Behn, who critiqued society and politics.
5. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 marked the end of this period, leading to constitutional monarchy and further political changes in England.

Review Questions

• How did the Restoration Period impact the political landscape in England following the English Civil War?
  • The Restoration Period significantly reshaped the political landscape by re-establishing the monarchy under Charles II after a decade of republican rule. This restoration brought back traditional governance alongside new ideas about constitutional power, as Charles II had to navigate a parliament eager to assert its influence. The combination of monarchy with parliamentary authority during this time set important precedents for modern British governance.
• Analyze how Restoration literature reflects social changes occurring during this period.
  • Restoration literature reveals profound social changes through its focus on themes such as individual freedom, secularism, and a more open exploration of human desires. Playwrights like William Congreve and George Etherege introduced characters that embodied contemporary attitudes toward love, class, and morality. These works often employed wit and satire to critique societal norms, illustrating a departure from earlier rigid conventions and reflecting a more dynamic social environment.
• Evaluate the significance of John Dryden's contributions to literature during the Restoration Period.
  • John Dryden was a pivotal figure during the Restoration Period whose contributions helped shape English literature. He was instrumental in establishing drama as a respected genre through his plays and critiques, notably focusing on moral complexities and political commentary. His works not only set new standards for poetic forms but also influenced later writers by emphasizing satire as a tool for social critique. Dryden's ability to blend classical influences with contemporary themes positioned him as a foundational figure in transitioning literature towards modern sensibilities.

Related terms

Charles II:

The king of England whose return from exile in 1660 marked the beginning of the Restoration Period, known for his promotion of arts and sciences.

Theater Licensing Act of 1737: An act that regulated theatrical performances in England, emerging from the evolving landscape of drama during the Restoration.

Restoration Comedy:

A genre of comedic plays that emerged during the Restoration, characterized by its witty dialogue, sexual politics, and exploration of social manners.