Restoration Literature

Definition

Restoration Literature refers to the body of English literature produced during the Restoration period, from 1660 to 1700, characterized by a revival of classicism, wit, and a focus on human experiences. This era followed the English Civil War and the Interregnum, marked by a return to monarchy with Charles II. It features themes of satire, social commentary, and exploration of individualism, while stylistically incorporating elements such as blank verse, heroic couplets, and prose that reflect the political and cultural shifts of the time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Restoration Literature emerged after the monarchy was restored in England in 1660, leading to a flourishing of theatre and poetry.
2. Key authors include John Dryden, who blended classical forms with contemporary themes, influencing the development of English drama.
3. The period is known for its satirical works that critiqued politics and society, reflecting the turbulent changes of the time.
4. Female playwrights like Aphra Behn emerged during this time, marking a significant shift in gender roles within literature.
5. The use of heroic couplets became a defining characteristic of Restoration poetry, creating a lasting impact on English verse.

Review Questions

• How did Restoration Literature reflect the social and political changes occurring in England during the late 17th century?
  • Restoration Literature mirrored the significant social and political upheavals of its time, particularly following the return of Charles II to the throne after years of civil war and republican rule. Writers like John Dryden employed satire to critique the monarchy and societal norms, showcasing individual experiences against a backdrop of shifting power dynamics. The emphasis on wit and social commentary allowed authors to address contemporary issues while exploring themes of identity and morality in a rapidly changing world.
• Analyze how John Dryden's poetic innovations contributed to the overall characteristics of Restoration Literature.
  • John Dryden's poetic innovations played a crucial role in shaping Restoration Literature by incorporating classical influences alongside modern themes. His mastery of heroic couplets established a new standard for poetic form, emphasizing rhythm and structure. Dryden's works often explored complex human emotions and societal critiques through satire, blending elegance with pointed commentary. This combination not only elevated the quality of English poetry but also laid the groundwork for future literary movements that followed.
• Evaluate the impact of female writers on Restoration Literature and how their contributions challenged traditional gender roles in literature.
  • Female writers like Aphra Behn significantly impacted Restoration Literature by challenging traditional gender roles and expanding the scope of literary expression. Their works often addressed themes of desire, power dynamics, and societal expectations from a female perspective, providing a counter-narrative to male-dominated literature. By taking on roles as playwrights and poets during a time when women's voices were largely marginalized, these writers not only enriched Restoration literature but also set the stage for future generations of women in literature to assert their place in the literary canon.

Related terms

Satire: A literary technique used to criticize or mock societal norms and politics through humor, irony, or exaggeration.

Heroic Couplet: A pair of rhymed lines in iambic pentameter commonly used in Restoration poetry that emphasizes structure and rhythm.

Neoclassicism:

An artistic and literary movement inspired by the art and culture of ancient Greece and Rome, emphasizing reason, clarity, and order.