A Modest Proposal

Definition

A Modest Proposal is a satirical essay written by Jonathan Swift in 1729, suggesting an outrageous solution to the problem of poverty and overpopulation in Ireland by proposing that impoverished Irish parents sell their children as food to wealthy landowners. This shocking suggestion serves as a powerful critique of British policy towards Ireland and highlights the dehumanization of the poor in society.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Swift wrote A Modest Proposal during a time when Ireland was experiencing severe economic hardship and British exploitation.
2. The essay is renowned for its use of irony; while proposing cannibalism, Swift actually aims to draw attention to the neglect of the Irish poor.
3. It opens with a calm, rational tone that contrasts starkly with the horrific proposal, enhancing its satirical impact.
4. A Modest Proposal has become a classic example of political satire and remains relevant in discussions of social justice and economic inequality.
5. Swift's work influenced later writers and satirists by demonstrating how literature can challenge societal norms and provoke thought.

Review Questions

• How does Swift use satire in A Modest Proposal to convey his message about poverty in Ireland?
  • In A Modest Proposal, Swift employs satire by presenting an outrageous solution to poverty—suggesting that poor families sell their children as food. This extreme proposal forces readers to confront the dire situation of the Irish poor and highlights the indifference of the wealthy class. By using absurdity and irony, Swift critiques not only British policies but also societal attitudes towards the impoverished, making a compelling case for social reform.
• Discuss the role of irony in A Modest Proposal and how it enhances the overall theme of the essay.
  • Irony plays a central role in A Modest Proposal, particularly through Swift's calm presentation of his grotesque suggestion. The contrast between the rational tone and the horrific content underscores the absurdity of treating human lives as commodities. This irony drives home Swift's critique of British exploitation and reveals how the poor are dehumanized by both policy and societal attitudes. It forces readers to reflect on their complicity in ignoring social injustices.
• Evaluate the lasting impact of A Modest Proposal on modern social commentary and satire.
  • A Modest Proposal has had a profound influence on modern social commentary by setting a precedent for using satire to address serious societal issues. Its blend of shock value and wit encourages contemporary writers to tackle difficult subjects with humor while provoking critical thought. The essay remains relevant today as it inspires discussions around economic inequality and human rights, showing how literature can serve as a powerful tool for social change and activism.

Related terms

Satire: A literary technique that uses humor, irony, and exaggeration to criticize or mock social, political, or cultural issues.

Irony: A rhetorical device where the intended meaning is opposite to the literal meaning, often used to emphasize criticism or highlight absurdity.

Social Commentary:

The act of using rhetorical means to provide commentary on issues in society, often with the intent of promoting change or raising awareness.