A Dictionary of the English Language, published in 1755 by Samuel Johnson, is a comprehensive reference work that aimed to define and document the English language systematically. Johnson's dictionary not only included definitions but also provided examples of usage, etymologies, and literary quotations, making it a pioneering work in lexicography. This dictionary had a profound impact on English literature and language, establishing standards for future dictionaries and influencing the way people understood and utilized the English language.
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Johnson's dictionary contained over 40,000 entries, showcasing his meticulous research and attention to detail.
It was the first major dictionary to systematically include examples of usage, making definitions clearer and more relatable.
The dictionary was influential in establishing a standard spelling and meaning for many words still in use today.
Johnson faced criticism for his personal judgments in defining certain words, reflecting his perspective as a scholar and writer.
The publication of the dictionary helped to elevate the status of English as a language worthy of serious study and scholarship.
Review Questions
How did Johnson's approach to defining words in his dictionary differ from earlier dictionaries?
Johnson's approach was innovative because he included not only definitions but also examples of usage and literary quotations, which provided context and clarity to the meanings of words. Earlier dictionaries were often less comprehensive and more focused on listing words without detailed explanations. By introducing these features, Johnson set a new standard for lexicography that emphasized understanding language in its real-world application.
Discuss the impact of Johnson's dictionary on the perception and study of the English language in his time.
Johnson's dictionary significantly changed how the English language was perceived by elevating it to a scholarly subject worthy of rigorous study. It provided a definitive reference that standardized spelling and meanings, which contributed to greater consistency in written English. The dictionary became an essential resource for writers, scholars, and educators, ultimately fostering a deeper appreciation for the richness and complexity of the English language.
Evaluate the lasting significance of A Dictionary of the English Language in contemporary lexicography and literature.
A Dictionary of the English Language laid the groundwork for modern lexicography by establishing standards for clarity, thoroughness, and scholarly rigor that continue to influence contemporary dictionaries. Johnson's innovative inclusion of quotations and usage examples set a precedent that modern lexicographers still follow. Furthermore, his work highlighted the importance of understanding language in its cultural and literary context, which remains vital in literary studies today, demonstrating the enduring legacy of Johnson's contributions to both language and literature.
Related terms
Lexicography: The art or craft of compiling, writing, and editing dictionaries.
Etymology: The study of the origin of words and how their meanings have changed throughout history.
Quotations: Direct citations from texts or authors that are included to exemplify usage or provide context.
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