Herman Melville

Definition

Herman Melville was an American novelist, short story writer, and poet, best known for his 1851 masterpiece 'Moby-Dick,' which explores themes of obsession, fate, and the struggle between man and nature. His work reflects the complexities of American identity and culture during the 19th century, a period marked by rapid change and a burgeoning sense of individualism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Melville's writing was initially not well-received during his lifetime, leading to a decline in popularity until a resurgence in interest during the 20th century.
2. He drew inspiration from his own experiences at sea, having worked as a whaler and sailor, which deeply informed the nautical themes present in his works.
3. Melville's exploration of complex themes such as existentialism and morality makes his works relevant even today, influencing many later authors.
4. 'Bartleby, the Scrivener,' one of Melville's most famous short stories, critiques modern capitalism and explores themes of isolation and passive resistance.
5. His later works, including 'Billy Budd,' reflect a more mature style and delve into moral ambiguity and the conflict between good and evil.

Review Questions

• How does Herman Melville's work reflect the cultural and historical context of America in the 19th century?
  • Herman Melville's work mirrors the complexities of American identity during the 19th century, a time characterized by exploration, industrialization, and philosophical debates about individualism. In 'Moby-Dick,' for instance, Melville grapples with themes of obsession and the human condition against the backdrop of a rapidly changing society. His writings also engage with issues such as morality and existential questions that were becoming increasingly relevant as America navigated its own evolving cultural landscape.
• In what ways did Melville's experiences at sea influence his literary works?
  • Melville's time spent working on whaling ships provided him with rich material for his narratives, informing both the settings and themes in his literature. The harsh realities of life at sea inspired much of 'Moby-Dick,' where he explores man's struggle against nature through Captain Ahab's obsessive pursuit of the whale. These experiences allowed him to portray a realistic view of maritime life while also delving into deeper philosophical questions about fate and humanity’s place in the world.
• Evaluate the impact of Herman Melville's literary style on subsequent American literature.
  • Herman Melville's literary style has had a profound impact on American literature by pushing boundaries in narrative structure, character complexity, and thematic depth. His use of symbolism in 'Moby-Dick' set a precedent for later authors who explored similar abstract concepts through their works. Additionally, his willingness to tackle existential themes influenced movements such as Modernism and Realism. Writers like William Faulkner and even contemporary authors have drawn on Melville’s complex portrayal of characters navigating moral dilemmas, showcasing his enduring legacy within American literature.

Related terms

Moby-Dick: 'Moby-Dick' is Melville's most famous novel, featuring the obsessive quest of Captain Ahab to seek revenge on the giant white whale that destroyed his ship and severed his leg.

Transcendentalism: A philosophical movement that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s in America, emphasizing individual intuition and the inherent goodness of people and nature, which influenced many writers, including Melville.

Realism: A literary movement that sought to represent everyday life and society accurately, often highlighting social issues and moral dilemmas, which became prominent after Melville's time.