Selenium

Definition

Selenium is an essential trace mineral that plays a vital role in human health, particularly as a component of various antioxidant enzymes. It contributes to thyroid hormone metabolism, supports the immune system, and helps protect cells from oxidative damage. Adequate selenium intake is crucial during different life stages, including adulthood and preconception, as it influences reproductive health and overall well-being.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Selenium is crucial for the function of selenoproteins, which are important for antioxidant defense and thyroid function.
2. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for selenium varies by age and gender, with adults needing about 55 micrograms per day.
3. Selenium deficiency can lead to health issues such as Keshan disease, which affects heart health, and can impair immune function.
4. High selenium intake can be toxic, leading to symptoms like gastrointestinal upset and hair loss; therefore, balance is essential.
5. During pregnancy and preconception, adequate selenium levels are linked to reduced risk of miscarriage and improved fetal development.

Review Questions

• How does selenium contribute to overall health and well-being in adults?
  • Selenium plays a significant role in supporting immune function, thyroid hormone metabolism, and protecting cells from oxidative stress through its involvement in antioxidant enzymes. This trace mineral is essential for maintaining overall health as it helps reduce inflammation and supports metabolic processes. An adequate intake of selenium ensures optimal functioning of the body's systems, which is particularly important for adults who may be experiencing varying health challenges.
• Discuss the implications of selenium deficiency during the preconception period for both women and men.
  • Selenium deficiency during the preconception period can negatively impact fertility in both women and men. For women, low selenium levels are associated with an increased risk of miscarriage and complications during pregnancy. In men, insufficient selenium may lead to reduced sperm motility and overall reproductive function. Therefore, ensuring adequate selenium intake before conception is critical for promoting healthy reproductive outcomes.
• Evaluate the potential effects of high selenium intake on health outcomes during adulthood and reproductive years.
  • Excessive selenium intake can lead to toxicity, known as selenosis, which may present with symptoms like gastrointestinal disturbances, hair loss, and even neurological issues. During adulthood and reproductive years, while adequate selenium supports health, too much can disrupt metabolic processes and negate the beneficial effects of this mineral. Balancing selenium consumption is vital to harness its protective qualities without crossing into harmful territory.

Related terms

Antioxidants: Substances that protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, which can lead to chronic diseases.

Thyroid Hormones: Hormones produced by the thyroid gland that regulate metabolism, growth, and development.

Dietary Sources: Foods that provide necessary nutrients, including selenium-rich options such as Brazil nuts, seafood, and organ meats.