Expectancy-value theory

Definition

Expectancy-value theory is a psychological framework that explains how individuals' expectations for success and the value they place on achieving a goal influence their motivation and engagement in learning. It posits that people are motivated to engage in tasks when they believe they can succeed (expectancy) and when they find the task valuable or worthwhile (value). This interplay significantly impacts students' choices, effort, and persistence in their learning endeavors.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Expectancy-value theory suggests that both the expectation of success and the perceived value of a task must be present for high levels of motivation.
2. Students who believe they will succeed in a subject are more likely to engage deeply and invest effort into their learning.
3. Value can be influenced by personal interests, perceived relevance to future goals, and social factors like peer influence.
4. Expectancy-value theory highlights the importance of helping students develop self-efficacy to enhance their motivation and engagement.
5. The theory is often used to explain differences in academic performance among students, particularly in challenging subjects.

Review Questions

• How do expectancy and value work together to influence a student's motivation and engagement in learning?
  • Expectancy and value are critical components of expectancy-value theory that work together to shape student motivation. When students expect to succeed at a task, they are more likely to engage with it; however, if they don’t find the task valuable or relevant, their motivation may wane. Therefore, educators can enhance motivation by fostering positive expectations and emphasizing the value of learning activities.
• Discuss how understanding expectancy-value theory can help teachers create more effective learning environments.
  • Understanding expectancy-value theory allows teachers to tailor their instructional approaches to better meet student needs. By building students' self-efficacy through skill development and providing relevant learning opportunities, teachers can enhance students' expectations of success. Additionally, connecting lessons to real-world applications can increase the perceived value of tasks, leading to greater engagement and persistence among students.
• Evaluate the implications of expectancy-value theory for addressing disparities in student motivation across different demographics.
  • Expectancy-value theory provides insights into why certain demographic groups may experience lower levels of motivation. By recognizing that expectations and values can be shaped by cultural background, socioeconomic status, and previous experiences, educators can implement targeted strategies. These might include mentorship programs that raise expectations through role models and curriculum adjustments that highlight diverse perspectives, ultimately aiming to foster equal opportunities for motivation and engagement across all students.

Related terms

Intrinsic Motivation: The drive to engage in an activity for its own sake, deriving satisfaction or pleasure from the task itself.

Extrinsic Motivation: The drive to engage in an activity to attain a separable outcome, such as rewards or recognition.

Self-Efficacy: An individual's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task, which influences their motivation and performance.