Performative utterance

Definition

A performative utterance is a speech act that performs an action simply by being spoken, rather than just conveying information. These utterances create a change in the social world and are often context-dependent, meaning they rely on the situation and the speaker's intention to take effect. Examples include making promises, issuing commands, or declaring something as true, highlighting the role of language in shaping reality rather than just describing it.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Performative utterances differ from constative utterances, which merely describe a situation without enacting any change.
2. The effectiveness of a performative utterance often relies on specific conventions and the speaker's authority within a given context.
3. Examples of performative utterances include phrases like 'I apologize' or 'I promise,' which create an obligation or commitment upon their utterance.
4. Improvisation in dialogue often showcases performative utterances, as speakers navigate spontaneity and rely on shared understanding to make their words impactful.
5. The study of performative utterances can reveal insights into how language shapes social interactions and power dynamics in communication.

Review Questions

• How do performative utterances differ from traditional forms of communication?
  • Performative utterances are unique because they enact actions rather than simply convey information. For instance, saying 'I promise' not only communicates an intention but also creates a binding commitment. In contrast, traditional communication often focuses on providing details or facts without having any immediate effect on reality. This difference highlights the power of language to create social realities.
• In what ways does improvisation play a role in the effectiveness of performative utterances during natural dialogue?
  • Improvisation enhances the effectiveness of performative utterances by allowing speakers to adapt their language spontaneously based on the unfolding interaction. In natural dialogue, this flexibility means that speakers can respond to cues from others, ensuring their utterances resonate within the given context. The ability to read social dynamics and modify speech acts helps reinforce the impact of performatives, making them more relevant and engaging.
• Critically assess how understanding performative utterances can deepen our comprehension of communication in various social contexts.
  • Understanding performative utterances broadens our perspective on communication by illustrating how language functions beyond mere description. It highlights the role of intent and context in shaping interactions, enabling us to analyze how power dynamics operate through spoken words. For example, recognizing how certain phrases carry weight in legal settings can reveal underlying societal structures. This critical assessment allows for a deeper appreciation of how language influences relationships and societal norms across different contexts.

Related terms

speech act: A communicative action that conveys meaning through speaking, where the intention behind the utterance can influence how it is interpreted.

contextuality: The quality of a statement being dependent on the surrounding circumstances and social context for its meaning and impact.

illocutionary force: The intended meaning or action behind a speech act, which determines how an utterance is understood in a given context.