A topological ring is a mathematical structure that combines the properties of both a ring and a topological space. In this setup, the ring operations (addition and multiplication) are continuous with respect to the topology, meaning that small changes in input lead to small changes in output. This concept allows for the study of algebraic structures in a more flexible way, incorporating notions of convergence and continuity that are vital for understanding various areas in mathematics, including K-theory and characteristic classes.
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